Enclosure, Moat, and Backbone Loop

The trail is located within the Old Stone Fort State Archaeological Park in Manchester, Coffee County, Tennessee. Parking is available at the park's main entrance or designated trailheads within the park.

No, there are typically no entrance fees or permits required to access the Old Stone Fort State Archaeological Park or its trails. However, it's always a good idea to check the park's official website for any updated regulations or special event fees before your visit.

Yes, the trails within Old Stone Fort State Archaeological Park are generally dog-friendly. However, dogs must be kept on a leash at all times to protect wildlife and ensure the safety of other visitors and your pet.

The trail offers a unique experience year-round. Spring brings lush greenery and flowing waterfalls, while autumn showcases vibrant fall foliage. Winter hiking is also possible, offering a different perspective on the landscape. Consider visiting during the summer solstice to witness the sun rising through the ancient enclosure's entrance.

While the overall loop is rated as 'easy' with a total distance of approximately 4.5 km (2.8 miles), it's important to note that the difficulty varies significantly between its sections. The Backbone Trail is rated 'Moderate to Strenuous' due to a steep uphill climb and rocky terrain, which might be challenging for absolute beginners. The Enclosure Trail and Moat Trail are generally easier.

The terrain is diverse. The Enclosure Trail is largely flat, following ancient earthen walls. The Moat Trail is almost level, tracing an old river channel. The Backbone Trail, however, features an abrupt and steep uphill climb, with rocky sections, roots, and limestone outcrops, requiring careful footing. You'll encounter wooded areas, river views, and open fields.

The trail offers a rich blend of natural beauty and historical significance. You'll see impressive waterfalls like Big Falls on the Big Duck River, Step Falls, and Blue Hole Falls. The route also encircles the ancient earthen walls of the Old Stone Fort, a significant Native American ceremonial site. Interpretive signs along the Enclosure Trail explain its history, and you can also spot remnants of a 19th-century paper mill.

The Old Stone Fort is an ancient Native American ceremonial site from the Middle Woodland period, dating back 1,500-2,000 years. This 50-acre enclosure, originally featuring earthen walls, was likely a central gathering place. Notably, its original entrance was precisely aligned to face the summer solstice sunrise, showcasing advanced astronomical knowledge.

Yes, the Enclosure, Moat, and Backbone Loop is designed as a circular route. It combines several individual trails within the Old Stone Fort State Archaeological Park to form a continuous loop, bringing you back to your starting point.

Yes, the route incorporates sections of several official trails within the park. You will hike along portions of the Enclosure Trail, Moat Trail, Backbone Trail, Forks of the River Trail, and the Nature Trail, offering a comprehensive experience of the park's diverse landscapes.

Yes, the trail is accessible for winter hiking. While the waterfalls may be less voluminous, the absence of foliage can offer clearer views and a different, serene atmosphere. Be prepared for potentially muddy or icy conditions, especially on the steeper sections of the Backbone Trail, and dress in layers.